Divide and rule
Synopsis :The British policy of divide and rule left its imprint in India that the later politicians adopted to suit their own ambitions. It divided people on the basis of their religion and caste so that a certain segment of the population could be used as a vote bank for them. The blog looks at the evolution in the Indian political landscape that has brought profound changes under a new leadership that promotes the idea of nation first and has blurred the caste and religious divides.
The British were a clever people who found it very expedient to divide the people of India on the basis of religion and caste in order to rule over them easily. It worked in their favor for a long time but a time came when a united India stood up to challenge them and their rule. Netaji Bose inspired all people to unite and fight the British that created the ground swell of anti-British sentiment in India that greatly alarmed the British after the Second World War.
The growing power of INA (Indian National Army), its victories in battle and the nationwide popularity of Netaji Bose made the British realize that their rule was over and they have to leave India soon. British Prime Minister of the time admitted as much when he said that the British left India when they realized that they could no longer depend on the Imperial army consisting mostly of Indians who showed nationalism over loyalty to the British.
They could no longer ignore the impact of the victories of INA on India that motivated people to demand with one voice that they wanted freedom. The last nail in the British coffin came from the trial of the captured INA officers at the Red Fort in Delhi that turned the tide against the British rule. This ignoble exit of the British is well documented in the pages of history so I will not write about it here.
After the defeat of Germany and Japan, the INA lost their support and was forced to disband and Bose was made to disappear from the pages of history by the Nehru family that had always opposed Bose but people of India never forgot him.
Now the British being astute and clever devised a spiteful mischief that created Pakistan in two vital parts of India to weaken the Hindu majority India so that it will never be able to challenge the British in any way in the future. This vivisection of India into three parts by the British was due to their policy of divide and rule although they were quite aware of the consequences but had not anticipated the degree of violence that ensued in 1947.
They brought in a bureaucrat from England who knew nothing about India, its culture, its diversity in religion, history and geographic differences but made arbitrary line with a pen on the map to divide the country. This division led to the subsequent death of more than a million people both Hindus, Moslems and Sikhs in the communal violence that put to shame the so called nonviolent movement of the so called Mahatma.
The British could have prevented it but they stood aside and watched the massacres silently. It is a part of the sad history of bloodshed in India that does not need to be repeated here.
They also refused to help in chasing out the Moslem militants of Pakistan who occupied a large part of Kashmir in 1947 and still do this day because a weak Prime Minister could not stomach the idea of a fight with them so ran to the UN to demand a cease fire without first consulting with Sardar Patel who was the Home and Deputy Prime Minister. This occupation of a part of Kashmir has caused thousands of deaths on both sides and still continues 75 years after India became free.
Unfortunately the British policy of divide and rule was adopted by the newly formed government of independent India that found this policy quite useful in their favor so they gained the support of the Moslem voters who benefitted from the appeasement policies of the government toward them. They convinced the Moslems that they were their protectors and will look after their needs but it was an empty promise to gain their votes.
So the Moslems voted for the incumbent government in every election since independence that made it possible for the Congress Party to stay in power without much of a challenge from the opposition parties. In return the Moslems gained very little, remained poor and jobless, without education and any improvement in their life. They were simply used as a vote bank by the ruling party and nothing more but somehow their loyalty to the Congress Party remained unshakeable for a long time.
But the vast majority of the country was disenchanted so a ground swell began against the corrupt and autocratic rule of a single family that had consolidated the political power in the hands of a single person called Nehru who served the interest of England by protecting their business interest in India which was considerable and even appointed Mountbatten as the Governor General of India after the independence. It is so shameful to know that the Indian Army chief who was British reported to Mountbatten even after independence until 1954.
So Mountbatten continued to play a very important role in the Indian politics until he retired to England after the death of his wife but the Indians continued to suffer the consequences of the British rule long after their departure because the British had put their puppet in power in India before they left. A nationalist leader like Sardar Patel would not have served their interest so the British insisted on a man like Nehru who promised to serve their interest and did. They even called him a brown sahib.
Many leaders subsequently came to power and went out of it until the BJP slowly started to change the political landscape by steadily gaining in popularity and the public support to form the government of Atal Bihari Bajpai who was indeed a great leader with a great vision for India. He started the country on a path of rapid development of infrastructure but the opposition brought his rule to an end in the Parliament by the motion of no confidence.
Then came a tidal wave of change in the whole country when the voters went to poll and elected Narendra Modi in 2014 by a landslide margin leaving Congress and many other parties in dust gasping for life. India changed forever since then and the winning party BJP ( Bharatiya Janata Party ) gained the widespread support in most states of the country as the party for the people, by the people and of the people that has ushered in a clean, corruption free and a strongly nationalistic government that has made development for all its governing principle.
For the first time since independence, India was governed by a party of people that promised development for all without discrimination, taking the whole country forward through progress and treating every citizen as equal. At first the Moslems did not believe the government that had stopped the practice of Moslem appeasement to get their votes but soon they realized that the government was working for them just as hard as for others.
They were delighted to become the beneficiaries of all government programs like housing for the poor, water and electricity for everyone, free or greatly subsidized ration for everyone and numerous other projects to help the poor. Modi asked the banks to open accounts for millions of people for the first time so that they could be given their share of the benefits directly into their accounts and cutting out the middlemen altogether who used to exploit them.
He did the same for all farmers and deposited the money into their accounts for the grains they sold to the government. The middlemen were cut out so all the benefits went directly to the farmers to their delight. The fake farm law protest that ensued was organized by the middlemen and the politicians who had lost their cash cows but that is another story I may write about some other time.
Source : Google photo of Narendra Modi who became the Prime Minister of India in 2014 in a landslide victory ushering in a new era for the country.
Narendra Modi came from a very humble origin in Gujarat where he started his political life as a village level worker of the lowest rank to motivate people to vote for his party candidates and slowly gained popularity to become the anointed candidate of his party in his state and went on to become the Chief Minister of the State. He developed the infrastructure and numerous welfare programs for the poor at breakneck speed that later made him the national leader of his party but he and his party had not even dreamed of such national prominence given the opposition that was still smarting from their rout in the national poll.
But the people tired of massive corruption, lawlessness, lack of justice for the victims of lawless people, nepotism in the government and the lack of progress in the country started to look at the State of Gujarat and the progress made there by a hardworking and honest man called Modi and thought that if Gujrat could make so much progress, they too deserved to improve their life. All the country needed was the right leader who would think of the country first so they bet on Modi to be the leader who would make India great again. Their trust in Modi paid off handsomely.
People often compare the development in China that has transformed it into a vibrant economy and a strong military power in a short time with India and bemoan the fact that India lags behind China in spite of its enormous potential but China is an autocracy where the will of its leader cuts through all the red tapes to get the country moving.
While India is a democracy with its massive bureaucracy that impedes rather than help speed up the approval of projects. It delays in the approval and implementation of infrastructure projects because of built in corruption so any leader of India has to fight the uphill battle to get his projects approved.
So Modi faced many such challenges when he became the Prime Minister of the largest democracy in the world but he had faced such challenges in his State of Gujrat, overcame them and developed his state. Now his challenges at the national level was far greater than he had faced earlier so he gathered a stellar team of equally hard working and honest people and appointed them in various important ministries to move his agenda forward.
He has pushed hard the concept of nation first and asks all people to rise above their religion, caste, creed, regionalism and petty differences and work for the country just like John F. Kennedy when he said “ Ask not what the country can do for you but ask what you can do for the country “ This also became Modi’s mantra that has filled all Indians with pride for the first time.
Modi has given them hope that India will regain its rightful place in the world as a modern country with world class infrastructure and once again will become the Golden bird that it used to be in the past.
Impressive growth of India in every sector
Source : Google photo of dedicated freight corridors in India
1. The railway ministry is building the dedicated freight corridors all over India that links all the sea ports with the manufacturing centers so that export and import of goods can be facilitated .This is the world’s largest network of dedicated freight corridors where double stacked freight trains run day and night pulled by massive and powerful electric engines. It has started to change the delivery of goods nationwide for a cheaper rate and speedier system. Now no freight trains run on the national rail lines that are solely used by the passenger trains. The introduction of high speed trains with modern facilities, construction of bullet trains and Hyper Loop system has made the Indian railway modern, efficient and more enjoyable.
Source : Google photo of modern highway system linking all parts of India
2. The whole nation is being joined by modern highway system linking all parts. Almost every month a new highway is inaugurated or new rail line is opened that connects places for the first time bringing a higher connectivity.
There are major highways being constructed that are world class all over the country and many such highways have already been opened to the people. These highways collect toll fees from vehicles using advance satellite system technology automatically.
Every major city is now linked with new airports and jet services and many more such airports are under construction nationwide to improve connectivity by air service, rail service and new highways. The far flung regions in East are being connected by the rail for the first time since independence where it has brought in new industries and jobs for many.
The entire state of Jammu and Kashmir was brought under the direct rule of the Government two years ago where millions of dollars’ worth of investment in its development has poured in and continues. The world’s highest railway bridge on the Chenab River in Kashmir is under construction that will join the State of Kashmir with the national Railway system. Any Kashmiri will be able to travel anywhere in India by train soon.
Source : Google photo of world’s highest bridge over Chenab river under construction to join Kashmir to the rest of India
Source : Google photo of every village with electricity in India
3. In Ladakh which was a neglected part of India and where the geography and terrain is difficult, the villages are being linked to the National Power grid at a great speed and new tunnels are being cut through the mountains to build new roads to connect the towns and villages there. No one ever thought that they will see trains coming to their towns but it is happening already. It has created new economic opportunities for them. New schools, colleges, new medical and technical colleges are sprouting like mushrooms everywhere bringing educational opportunities for the young people for the first time.
Rural electrification of the entire nation is underway where they now enjoy Internet connection through the fiber optic cable network and cell phone towers so almost everyone uses cell phones today.
4. Where Modi has succeeded beyond anyone’s expectation is the help he has given to the poor people. He has built millions of toilet facilities for the poor who had to go to the fields and open places before.
5. He has built millions of modern houses for the poor so that they would not have to live in slums. He has given them free rations twice a month during the Covid epidemic and free gas cylinders for cooking. Free water, gas, electricity, house and monthly pension to elderly has greatly helped the poor. In Uttar Pradesh alone 4.5 million houses were built in 4 and 1/2 years and given to poor women. It has empowered women like nothing before. Modi has promised that no Indian will be homeless in the near future.
Source : Google photo of houses for the poor in India
Source : Google photo of tap water reaches villages in India
People were greatly inconvenienced during the Covid epidemic nationwide but the Government of Modi has given free vaccines to all. Now the poor people have been given the free medical insurance that covers them up to Rs. 500000 in medical costs.
The list of the completed projects and ongoing projects are too numerous to mention here but one thing is sure. Modi is well on his way to build a modern India with world class facilities that the whole world is watching with admiration.
6 Where Modi will be known as the strongest leader of the nation ever is in the defense sector. He has made India strong militarily that can now face any challenge from any nation that means harm to it. India now produces most of the hardware its military needs including fighter planes, missiles, submarines, ships and tanks etc. It imports many things from other nations as well with the emphasis on joint production in India.
The Indian armed forces are now equipped with modern weapons and the satellite systems in space keep an eye on the enemies of India 24 hours a day thanks to the Indian Space Research Organization ( ISRO) that has developed the system. Read my blog on Indian space program here ). Also read my blog called India- the next economic super power here )
Why Narendra Modi will be remembered as the great leader is because of how he has empowered the women in the whole country.
He has given modern houses to women, brought water and toilet facilities to them and helped them with cooking gas and electricity and free ration twice a month to all the poor households during the epidemic.
Source : Google photo of modern toilets in rural areas
But more than that the women in India now feel that they have more opportunities available to them to make progress because a record number of girls are going to school and colleges nationwide that opens up many doors to them for good job placements. Women are joining armed services and are flying combat aircrafts and taking active part in the defense of the country. They are becoming doctors, nurses and med tech experts in record numbers. They are becoming teachers, lawyers and IT experts. The new India has empowered women like never before and it shows.
It shows in the way they vote for progress and greater opportunities. This progress has reached all sectors of the society irrespective of religion, caste and creed because Modi has brought progress for everybody and not just for a certain class of people. Now Moslem voters have started to realize that they too are beneficiaries of all projects and are not being used only as vote bank. Moslem women feel empowered because a hated Triple Talaq law was repealed by the government so they openly support Modi.
This is a great change in India. Now Moslem clerics openly praise Modi and visit Hindu temples to offer their prayers for Modi for greater success. They admit that the fundamentalist Mollahs who criticize Modi are wrong because Modi is a Nationalist leader who puts country first and believes in equal progress for everybody.
The Largest state in India is Uttar Pradesh where an election is underway that is being fought tooth and nail by the opposition parties but the result will be declared on March 10, 2022. There is no doubt that people are rooting for Modi , Yogi and his party so I hope that their faith in Modi will change the political landscape in just 10 more days. People are waiting.
I quote here the article published by Akhilesh Mishra in the Indian Express in which he explains the performance of Narendra Modi in his first 7 years as the Prime Minister of India.
Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s second government has just completed two years in office. Overall, he has now been in the Prime Minister’s office for seven years. It is a long enough time to take stock of the hits and misses of an incumbent head of government. So, how should we assess PM Modi’s tenure so far?
One obvious way is, of course, through the list of achievements, most of which are quantifiable. As an example, the numbers reached in flagship schemes are quite extraordinary. Banking the unbanked through the Jan Dhan Yojana — 420 million bank accounts — and thus taking financial inclusion to every home in India. Funding the unfunded through Mudra Yojana — 290 million Rupees loan sanctions and Rs 15 lakh crore disbursals — and thus seeding an entrepreneurial revolution. Digitizing the undigitized through UPI — 25 billion real-time transactions in 2020 — and thus making India the largest digital payments ecosystem in the world. However, beyond these remarkable numbers, there is one other way to assess the success or otherwise of Modi — the changes in our national character. What are some of these changes?
First, Modi has fundamentally altered the way central governments used to understand economic policy-making. Before Modi, they almost exclusively focused on macroeconomics and the glamour associated with it, while relegating microeconomics to the background or at best to state governments. That is why even after more than 66 years of Independence (in 2014, before Modi took over), the country was still struggling to electrify all its villages, leave alone homes, or ensure proper sanitation coverage in every village, or make healthcare affordable to all. Modi has corrected this imbalance. So, ensuring that every house gets a tap water connection is now as much a priority as framing a policy framework for privatization or creating a new paradigm for the agriculture sector with the new farm laws. To his credit, Modi has been able to make stellar progress in these domains.
Second, Modi has forever changed the mindset of only expecting “second best” delivery from central governments. The people of this country will no longer be satisfied with being laggards or followers. If the world develops an efficacious vaccine to combat Covid-19 in less than a year, then we now expect India to be leading that race with not just homegrown vaccines but also administering it at a pace that is amongst the fastest in the world.
Third, Modi has changed our acquired character of the last 70 years, which backed down when faced with a powerful adversary. China, used to having its way from the One Belt One Road initiative to the South China Sea, was stared down into retreating from Doklam and Pangong lake. From climate change negotiations, to free trade agreements, and from large multinational corporations used to bulldozing their way to global think tanks pretending to sway Indian discourse — everyone has realized that this India of 2021 is not the India they knew pre-2014.
Fourth, one of the most significant changes has been in our foreign policy. It is no longer about moral science lectures but is now driven purely through the prism of hard-core national interest. Realpolitik, divorced from grandstanding, is now part of the arsenal.
Fifth, respect for private enterprise and legitimate profit-seeking is no longer taboo. The defense that Modi himself mounted for entrepreneurs — terming them as nation builders — in Parliament is already getting translated into policy and in time may become his most significant
Sixth, the work done in empowering women and freeing them from clutches of societal constraints may, in time, become Modi’s most significant social contribution. From administering India’s most important union ministries to permanent commission in the armed forces and from establishing crores of small and micro enterprises to corporate boardrooms, and from freedom from the regressive instant Triple Talaq to legitimate rights in ancestral property — almost all the hidden glass ceilings have been broken.
Seventh, and perhaps the defining and the long-lasting contribution of Modi, would be the way he has managed to fuse our glorious civilizational heritage with our modern impulses. This nation now celebrates the construction of the Ram Temple as exuberantly as it rejoices in the success of the ASAT mission or awaits the launch of Gaganyaan.
The PM Modi-led government is the only government in decades to have been re-elected with a full majority. As the nation battles through the second Covid-19 wave, the appropriate way for the Modi government to mark its seventh anniversary would be to rededicate itself to the seva — service — of the people of this country. This would not just be in tune with the current national imperative but would also be a fitting tribute to the people who voted in this government. After all, would not permanently changing the role of governments — from ruling to seva — be the most stellar achievement of Modi ? ( source Written by Akhilesh Mishra , Indian Express )
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